This section will be available this Autumn.
Galerie Nicolas Bourriaud
marcelle delcour - guinard
Marcelle Delcour-Guinard (Switzerland, Meyrin 1896-1978 France) Bather, 1931 Marble sculpture H 172 x W 45.5 x D 46 cm Signed ‘M Delcour-Guinard’ and dated 1931 Unique piece Provenance: the artist's family collection Exhibition: Salon des Artistes Français, 1932, Baigneuse, statue de marbre, n° 3675 Born in Cointrain (Canton of Geneva), Marcelle Delcour trained at the Regional School of Fine Arts in Rennes and studied under the sculptors Laurent Marqueste (1848–1920) and Victor Ségoffin (1867–1925), the head of the sculpture studio for female students at the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts in Paris. In 1920, she married the painter Robert Raoul André Guinard (1896–1989), with whom she spent two years in Morocco in 1934. Upon returning to France in 1936, the couple settled in a small village called Crécey, in the commune of Saint-Pair-sur-Mer: he painted, she sculpted. Benefiting from the post–Second World War reconstruction projects, she received numerous commissions from Canon Pinel to restore works of art preserved in the churches of the Manche region. Anne Delcour-Guinard exhibited regularly at the Salon des Artistes Français from 1924 to 1932. In 1924, the committee of the Association des artistes peintres, sculpteurs, architectes, graveurs et dessinateurs (Fondation Taylor) awarded her the Prix Galimard-Jaubert on May 27. In 1925, she received an honourable mention, and in 1932, a bronze medal for La Baigneuse, a marble sculpture. The work was then displayed in a place of honour at the centre of the nave of the Grand Palais. The sculpture is indeed remarkable for its life-size proportions and its distinctive 1930s style, which, in the spirit of Art Deco, celebrates the female form - elongated, elegant, and liberated. She is embodied here as the garçonne: short-haired, athletic, and modern, asserting her nudity without false modesty, revealed through the graceful gesture of her folded arm and offered to the viewer’s gaze.
Chambre professionnelle belge de la Librairie Ancienne et Moderne (CLAM)
Unique binding of incredible modernity, produced circa 1925 by the great architect and designer Josef Hoffmann (Pirnitz 1870-1956 Vienna), one of the founding members of the Wiener Werkstätte and the creator of the fabulous Palais Stoclet in Brussels. Large quarto, full fawn morocco on wooden boards with undulating decor, dark fuchsia silk doublure and endpapers, interior gilt signature Wiener Werkstätte with, above, Hoffmann's small gilt monogrammed mark. On: Henny Bauer & Wilhelm Kienzl, Sanctissimum (1924), first edition of the score for voice and piano. Signed by Josef Hoffmann Literature: Isabella Croÿ-Frick, Bookbinding and Leather in Christian Witt-Dörring & Janis Staggs, Wiener Werkstätte 1903-1932, The Luxury of Beauty, (2017), pp. 192-211; MAK Wien: Archiv der Wiener Werkstätte, Entwurfszeichnungen, Bucheinband, inventarnummer WWE 24-9; Yves Peyré, Histoire de la reliure de création, (2005), p. 138, p. 140; Ruperta Pichler, Wiener Werkstätte. Lederobjekte aus den Sammlungen des Österreichischen Museums für angewandte Kunst, (1992), pp. 77-92; Werner J. Schweiger, Wiener Werkstätte, art et artisanat, 1903-1932, (1982), p. 183 Pierre Coumans, Antiquarian bookseller
Galerie Oscar De Vos
albijn van den abeele
Albijn Van den Abeele (Sint-Martens-Latem 1835-1918 Aldaar) Last rays of sunshine and rising moon, 1904 Oil on canvas 80.5 x 110.5 cm Signed lower right: Albijn Van den Abeele Provenance: A. Van den Abeele, Sint-Marten-Latem; P. De Rijckere, Ghent; R. Van den Abeele, Sint-Martens-Latem; E. Van den Abeele, Sint-Martens-Latem Literature: Boyens, P., Sint-Martens-Latem. Kunstenaarsdorp in Vlaanderen (1992), 176-177 (ill.); Boyens, P., In de voetsporen van de Latemse kunstenaars (2003), 76-77 (ill.); Devoghelaere, H., Albijn Van den Abeele (1935), 39, 45, no. 33; D'Haese, J. & H. Lampo, Albijn Van den Abeele en de schilders van de Leie (1973), cat. 28 (ill.); Haesaerts, P., Sint-Martens-Latem. Gezegend oord van de Vlaamse kunst (1965), 76 (ill.); Hoozee, R., Veertig kunstenaars rond Karel Van den Woestijne (1979), 43-44, cat. 58 (ill.); Pauwels, H., De eerste groep van Sint-Martens-Latem 1899-1914 (1980), 96, 148, cat. 5 (ill.); Pauwels, P.J.H. & V. Van Doorne, Leie. Rimpeloze eenvoud (2010), 35, 106, cat. 8 (ill.); Van den Abeele, R., Albijn Van den Abeele. De stamvader van de Latemse kunstenaars (1993), 98-99, 135-138, 211, cat. 117 (ill.); Van den Abeele, E. e.a., Albijn Van den Abeele (2019), 34 (ill.); Van Doorne, V. e.a., Retrospectieve tentoonstelling Albijn Van den Abeele (1835-1918) (1985), 98-99, 211, 226, cat. 117 (ill.); Van Doorne, V. e.a., Sint-Martens-Latem - Worpswede 1880-1914. Twee kunstenaarskolonies (1996), 13, 65, 72, cat. 5 (ill.); Van Lerberghe, J., Belgische kunst van 1890-heden (1966), 21, cat. 7 Exhibitions: 1924, Ghent, Kunstgalerij Brabantdam, Albijn van den Abeele, cat. 8; 1966, Utrecht, Centraal Museum, Belgische kunst van 1890 tot heden, cat. 7; 1973, Venlo, Cultureel Centrum, Albijn Van den Abeele en de schilders van de Leie, cat. 28; 1974, Sint-Martens-Latem, Latemse Galerij, Kunstenaars zien Latem, cat. 156; 1976, Brussels, Passage 44, Tentoonstelling Oost-Vlaanderen, s.n.; 1978, Antwerp, AMVC Letterenhuis, Karel Van de Woestyne, s.n.; 1979, Brussels, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Karel Van de Woestyne 1879-1929, cat. 183; 1979, Ghent, MSK, 40 Kunstenaars rond Karel Van de Woestyne, cat. 58; 1980, Ingelheim (Duitsland), Villa Schneider, Von Ensor bis Delvaux, cat. 9; 1985, Deinze, MuDeL, Retrospectieve tentoonstelling Albijn Van den Abeele (1835-1918), cat. 58; 2010, Deinze, MuDeL, Leie. Rimpeloze eenvoud, cat. 8; 2019, Sint-Martens-Latem, Gemeentehuis, Albijn Van den Abeele, s.n.
Galerie Hurtebize
pierre-auguste renoir
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (Limoges 1841-1919 Cagnes-sur-Mer) Composition, Paysages et Fleurs, circa 1910 Oil on canvas 15 x 25.5 cm Initial R bottom left Certificate of authenticity from the Wildenstein Institute n°24.05.29/21585 dated 12 June 2024 Provenance: private collection, France
Desmet Fine Arts
Two fragments of a wooden sarcophagus corner post of the Priest Horudja re-united after 50 years Wood Egypt, late Dynastic period, 26th Dynasty, circa 664-525 BC H 92 x W 15 x D 5.5 cm Accompanied by Art Loss Register certificates: S00238635 & S00238636 Provenance: Fragment A: Chakib Slatine, Paris (acquired 1975); private collection, Paris (acquired 1977). Fragment B: Chakib Slatine, Paris (acquired 1975); private collection, Paris (acquired 1977); Ede Gallery, London (of which acquired in 2020)
Galeria Bessa Pereira
Abraham Palatnik (Brasil, Natal 1928-2020 Rio de Janeiro) Cupboard, 1950s Iron, wood and painted glass H 90 x W 150 x D 49 cm Origin: Brasil Provenance: private collection, Rio de Janeiro; Galeria Bessa Pereira collection Literature: Vicente, A., & Vasconcellos, M. (Comps.), Móvel moderno brasileiro (1st edition), São Paulo: Olhares, 2017, pp. 244-245; Vasconcellos, M., Móvel brasileiro moderno (1st edition), Rio de Janeiro: Aeroplano, 2012, p. 193
Samuel Vanhoegaerden Gallery
Hans Hartung (Leipzig 1904-1989 Antibes) P1971-20, 1971 Crayon and acrylic on baryta board 50 x 73 cm Signed and dated lower right This work is registered in The Hans Hartung and Anna-Eva Bergman Foundation archive with number P1971-20 and will be included in the forthcoming catalogue raisonné of Hans Hartung Provenance: Galerie Ludorff, Germany; Sotheby's London, July 2020; private Collection, Brussels; acquired from the above by the present owner
Floris van Wanroij Fine Art
jan josefsz. van goyen
Jan Josefsz. van Goyen (Leiden 1596-1656 The Hague) Winter landscape with skaters, elegant figures and kolf players on the ice in a village Oil on panel 13.6 x 26.8 cm Signed and indistinctly dated lower left ‘I.V. GOYEN. 162.‘ Provenance: anonymous sale, Drouot, Paris, 21 March 1874, lot 23 (Frs. 510), erroneously as a pendant to the consecutive lot; collection Comte de Camondo, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, 1 February 1893, Lot 6 (Frs. 1.700), were acquired by W. Gretor; anonymous sale, Drouot, Paris, 18 February 1895, Lot 13 (Frs. 750), were acquired by Lange; collection G. Forbes, London (according to Dayot and Hofstede de Groot); sale Jules Cronier, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, 11 March 1908, Lot 88 (Frs. 1,200); with Kleinberger, Paris; collection Eugène Max, Paris, from 1911 to 1927; Grange, Paris; private collection, Paris, from 1965; anonymous sale, Sotheby’s, London, 1 March 1992, lot 36 (£ 101,200); John Mitchell, London, from 1993; anonymous sale, Christie’s, Amsterdam, 20 November 2012, lot nr. 68 (211.000 Euro); Johnny van Haeften Ltd., London, from 2014 (ref. VP4577), acquired from the previous owner; private collection, The Netherlands Literature: Dayot, A. (1911), Grands & petits maîtres hollandais, exhibition publication, Paris, n° 42; Martin, W. (1918), Alt-Holländische Bilder, Berlin, p. 51, fig. 25; Hofstede de Groot, C. (1927), A catalogue raisonné of the works of the most eminent Dutch painters of the seventeenth century, London, Vol. VIII, p. 294, n° 1170; Beck, H.-U. (1972), Jan van Goyen 1597-1656, Amsterdam, Vol. II, p. 46, n° 88 (illustrated, erroneously as a pendant to n° 244) Exhibitions: Paris, Salle du Jeu de Paume, Grands & petits maîtres hollandais, 28 April-10 July 1911, n° 40 bis; TEFAF Maastricht, 2014
Artimo Fine Arts
charles-auguste fraikin
Charles-Auguste Fraikin (Herentals 1817-1893 Brussels) Emerging from the Sea Bath White Carrara marble H 123 x W 37 x D 33 cm Provenance: Francis Meyer collection, Switzerland Literature: Fraikin, Charles-Auguste. Catalogue de la galerie. Musée Fraikin de Herenthals offert par l'artiste à sa ville natale l'an 1891. Herentals: Typ. L. Bongaerts-Verbeeck, 1891; Engelen & Marx. La sculpture en Belgique à partir de 1830. Tome III: Devreese-Hecq. Bruxelles : Éditions Ars 2006, pp. 1550-1557 With this work, Charles-Auguste Fraikin celebrates feminine beauty captured in the intimacy of a daily gesture: that modest and natural act of a young woman emerging from the water and wringing out her long hair. The sculptor excels here in the art of suggestion rather than revelation. The delicately fitted drapery clings to the body’s contours whilst gracefully concealing them, playing on the translucency of the marble and the softness of the volumes. The work bears witness to the dual influence of classical ideals and the romantic taste for a sensitive evocation of femininity. Through his treatment of surfaces - silken, clean, almost vibrant - Fraikin achieves a remarkable degree of refinement whilst preserving a clear narrative: that of a moment suspended in time, poised between genre scene and allegory. Emerging from the Sea Bath brilliantly illustrates Fraikin’s ability to combine modesty with sensuality, simplicity with virtuosity, in a sculpture that speaks both to the eye and to the imagination.
MassModernDesign
jorge zalszupin
Jorge Zalszupin (Warsaw 1922-2020 São Paulo) Guanabara table and Senior chairs, 1960 Rosewood, leather, velvet upholstery H 75 x W 400 x D 130 cm (table) Produced by l'Atelier, Brazil Provenance: private collection, São Paulo Literature: Jorge Zalszupin, Modern Design in Brazil Maria Cecilia Loschiavo dos Santos 2014, pp. 142-143
Galerie Raf Van Severen
théo van rysselberghe
Théo Van Rysselberghe (Belgium, Ghent 1862-1926 Le Lavandou, France) Ile du Levant, circa 1904 Oil on panel 30 x 41.4 cm Signed with monogram bottom left Provenance: Foundation Catherine Gide; private collection, Brussels Literature: Feltkamp, 2003, réf. 1924-034, p. 441; Catalogue de l'exposition, Bruxelles, La Haye, 2006, p. 258; Théo Van Rysselberghe, l'instant sublimé, Museé de Lodève, 2012, p. 99; Théo Van Rysselberghe, Intime, 2005, p.65; Théo Van Rysselberghe, Bozar Books by Fonds Mercator & Palais Des Beaux-Arts, Belgian Art Research Institute, 2005, p. 229 Exhibitions: 2005, TVR, Intime, Espace Culturel, Le Lavandou, n° 37; 2006, Brussels, La Haye, without number, p. 229
De Jonckheere
lucas van valckenborch
Lucas van Valckenborch (Leuven 1535/6-1597 Frankfurt am Main) The Kermesse of St. George, 1595 Oil on panel 22.5 x 38.5 cm Signed and dated 1595 LVV on the fountain Provenance: collection of Charles Theodore of Bavaria (1724-1799), Elector of the Palatinate and Bavaria, Munich, inv. n° 138 (according to a label in brown ink on the back dating from 1799, n° 138); collection of Maximilian de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg (1835-1852) (fragmentary label); Almas Gallery, Munich, 1941; private collection, South Germany Literature: Pantheon, September 1941, supplement V, repr.; Bernt, Walter, Die niederländischen Maler des 17. Jahrhunderts, Munich, 1948, n° 865 (1960 edition, n° 1216, repr.); Wied, Alexander, Lucas und Marten van Valckenborch. Das Gesamtwerk mit kritischem Oeuvrekatalog, Freren, Luca Verlag, 1990, pp. 176-77, n° 81, repr. Lucas van Valckenborch was undoubtedly introduced to painting by his father Laureys van Valckenborch, before being accepted as a master of the Mechelen painters' guild in 1564. Following the religious persecution inflicted by the Duke of Alba's troops on supporters of the Reformation, he fled the city in 1567 to take refuge in Liège, then in Aachen from 1570 to 1573, where he was reunited with his brother Marten and Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527-1609). He settled temporarily in Antwerp from 1575 to 1577. He was then employed in Brussels by Matthias, the then Governor-General of the Netherlands. In 1581, he accompanied the latter to Austria, staying in Vienna and Prague, as well as in Linz and Nuremberg. As of 1593, he shared his workshop in Frankfurt am Main with his brother Marten; he was granted citizenship on 10 January, 1594, encouraged by Archduke Ernest of Austria (1553-1595). He worked actively in the family workshop until his death in 1597. Considered one of the greatest landscape painters of the 16th century, Lucas van Valckenborch's concept of landscape was derived from Joachim Patinir and Pieter Bruegel the Elder. His very detailed portrayals of the seasons, village kermesses, romantic scenes and townscapes, stand out owing to the meticulous care employed in their execution and the precise structure of the planes leading to the horizon. His panoramic landscapes are a careful observation of the Meuse valley; his anecdotal scenes are painted with the delicacy of a miniaturist, while his landscapes are presented with topographical accuracy. At the end of his life, his deep landscapes with their luminous, refined nuances, bear witness to a creative approach that sought to go beyond the Bruegelian concept, which was never surpassed by his contemporaries.
Repetto Gallery
valerio adami
Valerio Adami (Bologna, 1935) La firma del muro antico, Odisseo (per E. Pound), 1977 Acrylic on canvas 204 x 152 cm Signed, dated and titled on the reverse: Adami 8.8.77 17.11.77 La firma del muro antico. Odisseo (per E. Pound) Label on the reverse by Galerie Rive Gauche Marcel Strouk, Paris Certificate of authenticity by Archivio Valerio Adami n° 878 Provenance: Galerie Maeght, Paris; private collection, France (acquired from the above) Exhibition: Valerio Adami, 7 October-12 November 1978, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Charleroi; Valerio Adami. Ripensando la realtà, Dep Art Gallery, Milan, 6 March-17 May 2025
Florian Kolhammer
hans bolek
Hans Bolek (Vienna, 1890-1978) Jugendstil ensemble, Gentleman's study, 1913 Solid spruce wood, solid oak (armchair), swamp oak veneer Provenance: bought on 06.11.1913 by the minister of public works, Freiherr Ottokar Trnka von Laberon; private collection, Austria Literature: Interior from the winter exhibition 1913/14 at MAK; photograph of a room design by Hans Bolek, executed by August Ungethüm, Möbelfabrik August Ungethüm, MAK Inv.nr. KI 7905-13; 'Innendekoration: mein Heim mein Stolz', Heft 25, 1914, S. 110; 'Kunst & Handwerk', Vol. 12, 1913, p. 629; 'Deutsches Volksblatt' 11. November 1913, S. 6; 'Neues Wiener Tagblatt', 22. November 1913, p. 33 / yearly report 1913 Austrian Museum of Art and Industry (ÖMKI), p. 4 Designed in 1913 by Hans Bolek, a student of Josef Hoffmann, and executed by August Ungethüm, this study was presented at the 1913/1914 Winter Exhibition of the Austrian Museum of Art and Industry and acquired on November 6th, 1913, by Baron Ottokar Trnka von Laberon. This rare Jugenstil ensemble combines elegant geometry, floral elements, and exceptional craftsmanship. The study consists of a representative desk with elegant fittings and a matching armchair made of solid oak, an impressive cabinet display case, and a stylish table display case or humidor. All the pieces of furniture, except for the chair, are made of solid spruce wood and covered with high-quality swamp oak veneer.
Stéphane Renard Fine Art
Workshop of Benedetto da Maiano (Maiano 1442-1497 Florence) Bas-relief of the Virgin and Child with Saint John the Baptist as a child Polychrome and gilded stucco in its original carved and gilded wooden frame H 76 x W 64 x D 13 cm (framed) Provenance: Coat of arms with the alliance arms of two Florentine families: the Compagni (on the left) and the Tornaquinci (on the right) We can estimate that around thirty copies of this bas-relief were probably made, half of which are in public collections (including the Bode Museum in Berlin (Germany – Inv. 1581), the Victoria & Albert Museum in London (United Kingdom – two copies), the Bargello and Stefano Bardini Museums in Florence (Italy), and the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg (Russia) but this one is the only one bearing the coat of arms of its commissioners.
Galerie Alexis Bordes
paolo anesi
Paolo Anesi (Rome, 1697-1773) View of the Ponte Cestio from the Tiber island Oil on canvas 28 x 48 cm Provenance: anonymous sale, Paris, Hôtel Drouot (Maître Baudoin), May 31st, 1919, lot n° 98 (Vanvitelli, View of a city-houses rise on both banks of a river crossed by a stone bridge. In the foreground, on the ground to the right, a fragment of a fluted column and a broken capital); private collection, France Literature: Olivier Michel, Biographical Research on Paolo Anesi, in Publications de l'École Française de Rome, Vivre à peindre à Rome au XVIIIe siècle, vol. 217, 1996, pp. 319–334 Praised during his lifetime as one of the most brilliant vedute painters of the eighteenth century in Italy, Paolo Antonio Anesi nevertheless remains a figure whose life and work are still little studied. Active in Rome, Anesi never left his native city. The panoramas offered by its hills provided him with a multitude of striking viewpoints. The Aventine, one of Rome’s seven hills, appears to have been a favourite subject. To produce his painting, Anesi positioned himself on the Isola Tiberina, a small island in the middle of the Tiber, connected to the left bank by the Ponte Cestio and to the right bank by the Ponte Fabricio.
Vagabond Antiques
Pair of Roman console tables Roman Neoclassical period, circa 1770 Veneer, Sienna marble, Breccia Africana marble H 90 x W 112 x D 56 cm Provenance: previously in the collection of Cardinal Vincenzo Vannutelli (1836-1930), Dean of the College of Cardinals; thence by descent; collection of the fashion designer Stefano Gabbana Each with a rectangular top butterfly veneer in richly figured Siena marble, edged in a contrasting band of Breccia Africana marble. The frieze is crisply carved with classical laurel swags, centres by rosettes and anthemion motifs and set against a punched ground to catch the light. The square corner blocks are decorated with stylised sunflowers. The tapering fluted legs are carved in three sections, with boldly gadrooned collars and stiff-leaf details above toupie feet. The carving is of sharp quality throughout, with well-preserved original gilding enhancing the architectural lines of the design.
N. Vrouyr
Kinheim rug Dutch rug produced in the workshops of Kinheim (Beverwijk), circa 1930, after 1926 Handknotted wool 530 x 405 cm Signed at the back 'KON. KINHEIM BEVERWYK' Provenance: Beverwijk, Holland Kinheim rugs, Beverwijk workshops, Holland (1910-1973) According to the trade register, Hendrik Godefridus Polvliet founded the carpet workshop “Kinheim” on September 1, 1910, at Zeestraat 104 in Beverwijk. The company was originally located on Vondellaan in Beverwijk, which at the time was called Spargielaan. His wife, Mrs. C.M. Polvliet–Van Hoogstraaten (1883–1966), had already started the handwoven carpet workshop “Kinheim” there in 1909. At first, carpets were woven by hand on a small scale. The couple became interested in carpet weaving during a stay in Morocco, where they lived for some time due to Mr. Polvliet’s health problems. Because of recurring asthma attacks, he had been advised to stay for extended periods in warm, dry climates. During this time, Mrs. Polvliet taught herself knotting and weaving techniques and drew many patterns. Initially, the carpets were sold to family and friends. Orders soon began to pour in, and thanks to Mrs. Polvliet–Van Hoogstraaten’s skill, the business grew rapidly. After just a year, in 1911, it moved to Zeestraat and employed about twelve girls. A major commission for 15 carpets for the Peace Palace in 1913 required a larger workshop. The couple had a 144-meter-long wooden workshop built behind their house at Zeestraat 104. This made it possible to weave large hand-knotted carpets behind the residence. Within ten years, the company was well known throughout the Netherlands for its quality and artistic originality. Their own designs, inspired by Oriental motifs, quickly found their way into ships, palaces, city halls, and council chambers. On May 19, 1926, the company was granted the title “Royal.” The founder did not live to see this honor, as he had died on June 17, 1923. His widow, Cornelia Maartina Polvliet–Van Hoogstraaten, continued the business under the new name “Royal Handwoven Carpet Workshop Kinheim.” In addition to private commissions, the company produced many carpets for Dutch passenger ships, such as the Johan de Witt (designed by Lion Cachet), the Nieuw Amsterdam, and many others. Municipal and provincial governments also commissioned important works. For instance, Kinheim carpets can be found in the council chamber of Amsterdam and in the council houses of Den Bosch, De Bilt, Enschede, Uithoorn, and Beverwijk, as well as in the provincial government buildings of Maastricht and Haarlem. In the latter, stair runners designed by Jo de Jong are among the works. Carpets were also supplied to offices such as those of the Netherlands Trading Society and the Shipping House. Highlights for the workshop included commissions from the Royal House. Kinheim made a dining room carpet for Soestdijk Palace designed by Mrs. Brom-Fischer and carpeting for the royal yacht Piet Hein. Notably, the Sultan of Deli (in 1938) and the Shah of Persia also placed orders with Kinheim. After an initial period of prosperity, the workshop suffered a setback due to World War I, but it flourished again in the 1920s. At that time, the many commissions provided employment for around 60 women and girls. During the economic crisis of the 1930s, the company survived by focusing on simpler techniques, producing the cheaper “konkit carpet,” woven with coarse knots and undyed materials. During World War II, the business, which had in 1941 passed into the hands of Mr. Keizer from Hilversum, came to a standstill. Work resumed after 1945 under the leadership of Mr. and Mrs. Mastenbroek. Many large commissions were once again completed for government buildings, ships, and businesses. The company then employed between 30 and 40 women on average, sometimes as many as 60. Later, changes in taste and economic conditions, particularly the decline in orders from shipping companies, caused a sharp drop in demand for hand-knotted carpets made with special patterns. These and even plain rugs were increasingly replaced by much cheaper, machine-made carpets. Kinheim completed its final commission in early 1973, and in April of that year, the Beverwijk workshop closed. Well-known designers who worked for Kinheim included Jac. van den Bosch, C.A. Lion Cachet, Theo Nieuwenhuis, and Dirk Verstraten. Kinheim was the only company in the Netherlands where carpets were knotted following the classical Oriental method. Each carpet required a vast number of working hours. The size of the carpet determined how many girls worked on it: a narrow runner or cushion cover was made by one girl, but a large carpet could involve 8 to 10 workers. The women ranged in age from 15 to 60. A carpet with 40 knots per square centimeter and a size of 2 by 3 meters contained about two and a half million knots. A skilled knotter made 5,000 to 8,000 knots a day, meaning that such a carpet required around 350 working days. The early carpets of the Kinheim Carpet Workshop (before 1926) were marked on the back with the words “Kinheim” and “Beverwijk,” along with an image of a swastika. After the company received the “Royal” title in 1926, the swastika mark was replaced by a crown or the abbreviation ‘KON.’.